当前国有银行改革的政策风险与政策启示--兼论外汇储备注资的货币扩张效应

当前以外汇储备注资开始的国有银行改革试点蕴含着很高的政策风险.在微观层面,政府所有(或控制)的股权结构能否衍生出健康良好的银行公司治理机制,能否真正划清政府与银行之间的界限,本身存在疑问;在宏观层面,货币化的操作方式会加剧甚至诱发宏观不稳定.国有银行的风险归根结底是一种系统性的制度风险,是一种道德风险,最终要通过全面的体制转轨和健康、持续的经济增长来消化.     

资本永续盘存法及其国内应用

资本存量数据是宏观经济运行政策研究的重要决定因素。资本存量核算比较复杂，在理论与技术两个层面都存在诸多问题难以厘清。我国资本统计十分薄弱，数据可得性成为资本存量估算的严重制约。在我国经济增长研究中，如何准确估算资本存量一直是困扰研究者的难题。学术界需要使用这方面数据，又促使很多学者基于各自的研究目的对我国资本存量进行估算。这些研究分别利用不同的假设和处理方法，这使我国资本存量数据出现了差异很大的众多版本。本文在对资本存量估算方法进行梳理之后，对我国资本估算现有研究进行了回顾和评论。     

Capital control and exchange rate volatility

The study offers one conceptual and theoretical framework for evaluating the economic effects of a trading tax on foreign exchange transactions. Taxes and the price stickiness mechanism are taken into account in the model. When prices are flexible, full monetary neutrality can be obtained even in the short-term. Intuitively, taxes on foreign exchange transactions discourage speculation by rising currency trading costs, and, thus, increase the stability of the exchange rate. Finally, the results show that not only the exchange rate but consumption, investment and employment will become less volatile by imposing trading taxes on foreign exchange transactions.     

Realizing stock market crashes: stochastic cusp catastrophe model of returns under time-varying volatility

This paper develops a two-step estimation methodology that allows us to apply catastrophe theory to stock market returns with time-varying volatility and to model stock market crashes. In the first step, we utilize high-frequency data to estimate daily realized volatility from returns. Then, we use stochastic cusp catastrophe theory on data normalized by the estimated volatility in the second step to study possible discontinuities in the markets. We support our methodology through simulations in which we discuss the importance of stochastic noise and volatility in a deterministic cusp catastrophe model. The methodology is empirically tested on nearly 27 years of US stock market returns covering several important recessions and crisis periods. While we find that the stock markets showed signs of bifurcation in the first half of the period, catastrophe theory was not able to confirm this behaviour in the second half. Translating the results, we find that the US stock market’s downturns were more likely to be driven by the endogenous market forces during the first half of the studied period, while during the second half of the period, exogenous forces seem to be driving the market’s instability. The results suggest that the proposed methodology provides an important shift in the application of catastrophe theory to stock markets.     

Are stock prices related to the political uncertainty index in OECD countries? Evidence from the bootstrap panel causality test

This study applies the bootstrap panel causality test proposed by Kónya (2006. Econ Modell 23, 978) to investigate the causal link between political uncertainty and stock prices for seven OECD countries over the monthly period of 2001.01 to 2013.04. This modeling approach allows us to examine both cross-sectional dependency and country-specific heterogeneity. Our empirical results indicate that not all the countries are alike and that the theoretical prediction that stock prices fall at the announcement of a policy change is not always supported. Specifically, we find evidence for the stock price leading hypothesis for Italy and Spain, while the political uncertainty leading hypothesis cannot be rejected for the United Kingdom and the United States. In addition, the neutrality hypothesis was supported in the remaining three countries (Canada, France and Germany), while no evidence for the feedback hypothesis was found.     

Position limit for the CSI 300 stock index futures market

The aim of this study was to find the optimal position limit for the Chinese stock index (CSI) 300 futures market. A low position limit helps to prevent price manipulations in the spot market, and thus keeps the magnitude of instantaneous price changes within the tolerance range of policymakers. However, setting a position limit that is too low may also have negative effects on market quality. We propose an artificial limit order market with heterogeneous interacting agents to examine the impact of different levels of position limits on market quality, measured as liquidity, return volatility, efficiency of information dissemination, and trading welfare. The simulation model is based on realistic trading mechanisms, investor structure, and order submission behavior observed in the CSI 300 futures market.Our results show that on the basis of the liquidity status in September 2010, raising the position limit from 100 to 300 could significantly improve market quality and at the same time keep the maximum absolute price change per 5 s below the 2% tolerance level. However, the improvement becomes only marginal if the position limit is further increased beyond 300. Therefore, we believe that raising the position limit to a moderate level can enhance the functionality of the CSI 300 futures market, which should benefit the development of the Chinese financial system.     

中国高额外汇储备的决定机制及可持续性研究

本文通过构建理论分析框架,分析外汇储备可持续性的决定机制和影响因素,选择我国相关数据和变量,建立了VAR模型并进行实证检验,刻画各因素与外汇储备之间的相关性,分解各因素对外汇储备规模的贡献度,从而识别决定外汇储备的短期和长期因素。研究表明出口导向机制、长期利益分享机制和短期套利机制是决定外汇储备规模的三大机制。在决定我国高额外汇储备持续性的因素中,出口是直接的、短期的因素,外商直接投资和人民币汇率是长期的决定因素,而人民币利率既是长期因素又是短期因素。外汇储备规模短期内仍将保持较高的水平,但从长期看,随着我国经济增长方式的转变和套利空间的缩小,经常项目和资本金融项目的双顺差会减少,相应的外汇储备也会下降。因此,在当前的外汇储备管理中,应稳定外汇储备的来源和质量,实现保值增值目标,并充分发挥其维护金融安全的作用。     

交易者关注行为对股票价格的影响机制

本文研究了交易者的关注行为对股票价格的影响机制。通过控制了公司基本面的因素基础上,分别从最终量（股票价格）和变化量（价格差）两个角度,建立了影响模型,实证发现,无论是最终量还是变化量,当期的关注度产生的正向响应都是强于滞后一期产生的反向影响;进一步用格兰杰因果分析了两者的关系,发现互为双向格兰杰原因;通过脉冲响应了解相互之间作用的模式,发现关注度对价格短期内是反向波动的影响,长期会有正向的响应。